Abstracts

"How many shall live?" "How many shall die?" - Deaths resulting from the trans-Israel highway and alternatives: a risk assessment

by Gary Ginsberg, Elaine Fletcher, E. Ben-Michael & Elihu D. Richter

" When dealing with maladies that kill or maim one must risk embarrassment to contribute to the welfare of fellow human beings " (Robertson, 1992). At Public Inquiries in many countries into new road construction, it is usual for the promoters to claim that building the road will save lives. Israel is experiencing this rhetoric at present. The truth is somewhat different. New road construction is certain to lead to more carnage, increased mortality and additional disability. Here, Route 6, a six-lane dual carriageway (3 lanes in each direction) is put to the test.

Transport and Health - a biomedical perspective

by Colin Bannon & Alex Costello

Global motorisation has become a major health problem. This is not only due to rapidly escalating road traffic accidents but also by the contribution of vehicle exhaust emissions to heart attacks, strokes and respiratory disease as well as the indirect effect of low quality living environments on levels of mental and physical fitness. Second only to tobacco smoking, motorisation has become the worlds most compelling health problem.

Children's journeys to school - new data and further comments

by Mary Sissons Joshi, Morag MacLean & Wakefield Carter

This paper addresses a debate about children's journeys to school previously published in this journal in 1995. The parents of 315 children aged 7-11 in Oxfordshire were surveyed about their children's travel freedoms. The data are discussed in the context of current debates about transport, attitudes and lifestyle.

Investment in Transport Infrastructure: Have the EU initiatives promoted their balanced and rational distribution?

by Constantinos I. Chlomoudis & Athanasios A. Palli

s The achievement of sustainable mobility and the completion of a unified trans-European transport network are two main targets of the European Union's (EU) Common Transport Policy. The selective modal distribution of investment in transport infrastructure is among the factors that can facilitate their fulfilment. Specifically, the fast modernisation of the currently underdeveloped and environment-friendly rail and maritime transport modes is essential. However, the substantial financial involvement of the EU has not promoted the balanced and rational distribution of investment in transport infrastructure within Europe. This is particularly evident in the case of Greece, where under investment and mono-modal priorities had characterised the national level policies. The emerging EU financial contribution has not managed to alter this unsustainable policy.

Wrestling with the Octopus - New approaches to tackling traffic and sprawl

by Lilli Matson

At both sides of the Atlantic Ocean urban sprawl is characterised by many of the same features. Governments in both Britain and the U.S.A. are tackling it with various policy instruments in the form of carrots and sticks, although the balance is open to question.

When is a car NOT a car?

by Tracey Axelsson

Co-operative Auto Network, as the name suggests, is a car sharing operation in Vancouver, Canada. Most members have dispensed with a car and use the co-op to provide them with private mobility as and when they need it.

Car Sharing: Breaking Out of the Transportation Trap

by Richard Katzev

The history and present status of the car sharing mobility service is reviewed, with emphasis on developments in Western Europe and North America. Car sharing is viewed as an effective response to the rising costs and increasingly serious transportation problems created by private automobile transport. We note briefly evidence on the mobility behaviour of members of car sharing organisations and conclude by describing the promising future of a mobility service devoted to the concept of sharing cars.

Alternative Fuels, Alternative Drive Lines - The Route to Improvements?

by Rudolf M. Petersen

Given the negative effects of increased Carbon dioxide emissions (and a limited fuel supply) it is necessary to develop alternative fuels for use in passenger transport. In the short term, however, increased fuel efficiency is more achievable and much more important. In addition, it is vital that commuter transport strategies are developed and implemented.

Changing industry behaviour: the role of prices and regulations

by George Callaghan

The role of the price mechanism in changing and controlling behaviour is becoming increasingly popular, most particularly in the field of transport. This article uses data from transport managers to argue that the power of the price mechanism is limited and that legislation and regulation are required to shift product from road to alternative modes.

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